CHARM

Charm (c): Heavier than up and down quarks, with a charge of +2/3

Mass: ~1.28 GeV/c²
Short-lived
Found in: D mesons (e.g. D⁰, D⁺)
Decays via: Weak interaction (e.g., to strange or down quarks)
Importance: Charmonium states (bound c-c̄ pair) like J/ψ, crucial in discovering charm quark